Identification of KPC-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii in a burned infant: a case report

The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic characteristics of KPC-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. A case report study was performed at a tertiary burn care centre in Tehran, Iran. Nine isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from a hospitalized case were isolated. The identity of isolates was confirmed and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Eight out of nine Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to Imipenem. Three out of 8 imipenem resistant isolates were also positive for KPC test. Findings of this study highlight the importance of implementation of an effective infection control strategy in order to prevent and reduce the emergence and spread of gram negative Carbapenemaseproducing organisms in Iran.

randomized controlled trial of 5-day regimen of azithromycin and a 10-day regimen of co-amoxiclav for treatment of acute sinusitis

Acute sinusitis constitutes a significant portion of health service utilization globally both in- and outpatient as well as emergency department visits, with 83% resulting in a prescription for an antibiotic. This study compared the efficacy of a 5-day regimen of azithromycin [a macrolid antibiotic] with a 10-day regimen of coamoxiclav [combination of an aminopenicillin with a betalactamase inhibitor] for the treatment of acute sinusitis. A total of 76 subjects with acute sinusitis were randomly assigned in two groups, azithromycin [n=40] and co-amoxiclav [n=36]. One group received azithromycin, 500mg in the first day and 250mg for 4 days and the other group received co-amoxiclav 625mg, 3 times a day for 10 days. Patients were visited 4 times during the study [baseline, phone call, end of treatment, end of study] and regression/progression of their symptoms and their response to the treatment was evaluated. There was no significant difference between the two groups' demographic and clinical presentations. Duration of regression of the symptoms in the azithromycin group was significantly shorter than the co-amoxiclav group [7.6 days versus 10.6, p=0.03]. Clinical success rate at end of the study was 80% for azithromycin and 66.7% for co-amoxiclav [p=0.025]. Clinical success rates among females in both groups seemed to be higher than males, but this difference was not statistically significant [p=0.13]. Results revealed that azithromycin regimen is more efficient, has less side effects, and required shorter treatment period. Patients were able to tolerate the medications better with a higher compliance and less economic cost than co-amoxiclav regimen

Comparison of 3-day and 7-day ciprofloxacin regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Urinary tract infections [UTIs] are among the most commonly bacterial infections in clinical practice. Almost half of all women experience at least one urinary tract infection in their lifetime. This study compared efficacy and safety of 3-day and 7-day ciprofloxacin regimen for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women. A total of 76 patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. One group received ciprofloxacin, 250 mg twice a day for 3 days [n=39] and the other group received ciprofloxacin 250 mg twice a day for 7 days [n=37]. Subjects were visited and assessed three times during the study period [baseline, end of treatment, and test for cure]. Clinical and bacteriological responses to the treatment were compared between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age distribution and clinical signs/symptoms during the baseline visit. There was no significant difference between clinical or bacteriological responses between the two groups. Three-day regimen of ciprofloxacin showed high microbiological eradication rate for E. coli [66.7%] which was similar to the eradication rate observed for 7-day regimen [64.8%]. No statistically significant difference was found in adverse effects between the groups, except for nausea [p=0.041]. A 3-day ciprofloxacin regimen appeared to be safe and effective for the treatment of UTI in women. Therefore, shorter therapy duration with ciprofloxacin can potentially improve patient compliance and decrease costs